Relativitets teorien har affødt en ny opfattelse af de basale naturlove: Tyngekraft, hastighed, magnetisme osv.
Disse prøvede Einstein (uden held) at samle i en samlet feltteori.
Denne forening af naturlovene : EN STOR NATURLOV (Unification theory)
bygger bl.a. på relativitetsteoriens fundament.
Jeg citere følgende fra et af mine link :
[citat]
Unification
The basic premise of grand unification is that the known symmetries of the elementary particles resulted from a larger (and so far un known) symmetry group G. Whenever a phase transition occurs, part of this symmetry is lost, so the symmetry group changes. This can be represented mathematically as
G -> H -> ... -> SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) -> SU(3) x U(1).
Here, each arrow represents a symmetry breaking phase transition where matter changes form and the groups - G, H, SU(3), etc. - represent the different types of matter, specifically the symmetries that the matter exhibits and they are associated with the different fundamental forces of nature. These fundamental forces are the following:
Electromagnetism: The group U(1) is associated with the electric and magnetic forces, that is, phenomena such as electricity and light. It was Maxwell's great achievement at the the end of the nineteenth century to unify electric and magnetic effects into one single mathematical theory - electromagnetism.
Weak nuclear force: This is the nuclear force associated with radioactivity in many unstable nuclei. In particular, it is associated with the decay of a neutron into a proton. The weak nuclear force was unified with electromagnetism by Weinberg and Salam in the late seventies, into what is known as electroweak theory and which is described by the group SU(2)xU(1). Predictions from this standard unified model were confirmed at the CERN particle accelerator in Geneva in the early 1980's.
Strong nuclear force: The group SU(3) is associated with the strong nuclear force which binds together neutrons and protons inside nuclei. The mathematical theory describing the elementary particles in this theory - quarks and gluons - is known as quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The model is well understood in principle but, in practice, quantitative calculations prove to be very difficult. Models which unify the strong nuclear force with electroweak theory are known as grand unified theories or GUTs.
Gravity: The weakest force of all - the gravitational force - is not included in the above scheme. The unification of the other fundamental forces with gravity is one of the great intellectual challenges facing theoretical physics. A number of possibilities exist, such as superstring theory, and they are known as TOEs, that is, theories of everything.
The analogue of water may again prove useful in understanding the concept of symmetry and symmetry breaking. The liquid phase of water is rotationally symmetric, that is, it looks the same around each point regardless of the direction in which we look. We could represent this large three-dimensional symmetry by the group G (actually SO(3)). The solid form of frozen water, however, is not uniform in all directions; the ice crystal has preferential lattice directions along which the water molecules align. The group describing these different discrete directions H, say, will be smaller than G. Through the process of freezing, therefore, the original symmetry G is broken down to H.
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Dette er ude for nummer for en nybegynder. Sorry dolphine, det er ikke for at spille smart, men relativitetsteori og naturlove er ikke lige sådan at forklare. Det er hårdt arbejde i mange år.
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